2020-2_Pages_62-69

УДК 614.844, 658.235                                                                                DOI 10.37657/vniipo.2020.99.2.007

S.N. Kopylov, L.T. Tanklevskiy, A.A. Tarantsev, I.A. Babikov, A.V. Arakcheev

CALCULATED ESTIMATION OF GEOMETRIC PARAMETERS OF AUTOMATIC WATER FIRE EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS FOR HIGH RISE RACKS

Abstract. Fires at objects whith high-rack storage of combustible materials are particularly dangerous because of the rapid spread of the flame vertically, the risk of collapse of the racks and the damaging effects of high temperature on structural elements of the building.

The main method of extinguishing such fires at the initial stage is the use of automatic sprinkler fire extinguishing systems (AUP). The requirements for AUP parameters (types of detectors and sprinklers, their characteristics and distances) depending on the height of the room and storage are currently set out in two normative documents: the set of rules (SP 241.1311500.2015) and the organization standard (VNPB 40-16).

Unlike the SP, where there is provided only the supply of a fire extinguishing substance (FES) – water vertically down with high-flow sprinklers of type SOBR (ESFR) and there are no requirements for the type of fire detectors, VNPB provides the use of different types of detectors (aspiration, smoke, heat), forced start-up of AUP sprinklers, which reduces the time of free fire development and the supply of FES by a flow shaper with the spray angle ≈ 600 at an angle  to the vertical both to the horizontal and lateral surfaces of the racks.

This article discusses the issues of determining the parameters of automatic sprinkler systems for water fire extinguishing of racks. Variants of solving synthesis problems are given – the choice of the places for installing sprinklers depending on the height and width of the racks, their axis of inclination, and also the spray angle. To solve these problems, the computer program called struja.exe was created, a series of calculations on which showed a negligible effect of aerodynamic drag due to relatively small distances. Examples are given.

Thus, the features of the sprinkler AUP for the protection of rooms with high-rack storage and the task of determining its geometric parameters are considered. In this case, forced activation of the sprinkler follows in order to avoid a delay in the start of extinguishing. In the future, it is also desirable to conduct additional field experiments with sprinkler water supply and also (if possible) evaluate the effect of ascending flows of combustion products on the water flow from the sprinkler.

Keywords: high-rack storage, fire, automatic fire extinguishing systems, sprinkler fire extinguishing systems, sprinkler, fire safety of racks

References

1. Reshetov A.P., Kluy V.V., Bondar A.A., Kosenko D.V. Planirovanie i organizacija tushenija pozharov. Pozharnaja taktika [Planning and organization of fire extinguishing. Fire tactics]. Saint Petersburg, SPbUGPS EMERCOM of Russia, 2017, 104 p. (In Russian).
2. Idelchik I.E. Spravochnik po gidravlicheskim soprotivlenijam [Handbook of hydraulic resistances]. Moscow, Mashinostroenie Publ., 1992, 672 p. (In Russian).
3. Hamming R.V. Chislennye metody [Numerical methods]. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1972, 400 p. (In Russian).

Received February 14, 2020

Authors:

Sergey N. Kopylov – Doctor of Technical Sciences, Head of Research Center of Automatic Detection and Extinguishing Systems. Phone: (495) 521-97-47. E-mail: firetest@mail.ru.

All-Russian Research Institute for Fire Protection (VNIIPO), the Ministry of the Russian Federation for Civil Defense, Emergencies and Elimination of Consequences of Natural Disasters (EMERCOM of Russia), Balashikha, Moscow region, Russia.

Leonid T. Tanklevskiy – Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Head of the Department of Fire Safety (Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University), Saint-Petersburg, Russia;

Alexander A. Tarantsev – Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Head of the Laboratory (Solomenko Institute of Transport Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences of the Russian Federation), Saint Petersburg, Russia;

Igor A. Babikov – Graduate Student of the Department of Fire Safety (Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University), Saint Petersburg, Russia;

Alexander V. Arakcheev – General Director (OOO «FNPP « Gefest»), Leningrad region, Russia.