2019-4_Pages_21-31

V.V. Agafonov, D.V. Bukhtoyarov, V.A. Grishakina, A.A. Kazakov, S.N. Kopylov, A.D. Golubev

JUSTIFICATION OF AEROSOL FIRE EXTINGUISHING METHODS IN HIGH-RISE ROOMS AND STRUCTURES

Abstract. This article presents the generalized results of the analysis of complex experimental and analytical studies conducted by the Institute in recent years to determine the feasibility, effectiveness and patterns of aerosol fire extinguishing in high-rise rooms.

Initially, to evaluate the conditions for the use of aerosol products in volumes of various heights, an analytical solution (integrated) was obtained for the trajectory of the fire extinguishing jet.

The obtained ratios make it possible to predict the characteristic sizes of aerosol jets during FEAG operation and to formulate recommendations on the choice of the required types, amount of FEAGs and their placement schemes in protected volumes. A program of a set of tests was developed to determine the effectiveness and patterns of aerosol extinguishing in high-rise rooms.

This paper additionally presents the results of large-scale final tests to extinguish fires in the following volumes: of 147 m³ and of 12 m high (fragment of cable, elevator shafts) and 2000 m³ and of 20 m high (fragment of production and storage facilities), as well as the analysis of the entire research complex is given.

Based on the result analysis of a set of experimental and analytical studies obtained both earlier and in the present work, it was found the following:

- The most promising and effective method of aerosol fire extinguishing in high-rise (higher than 10 m) rooms and structures is the “zone” method, based on the conditional separation of the entire protected volume into local zones and the FEA supply in tiers (more than one).

- The number and size of local zones, the tiers height and the FEAG distribution in them are determined by the length, penetration depth and opening angle of the FEA jet, as well as by the mass of AOS and the intensity of their supply, typical for each generator type.

- The most effective and reliable quenching is achieved with a uniform distribution of FEAG along the perimeter of local zones in tiers and overlapping jets of a given and lower tier.

- It is advisable to supply fire extinguishing aerosol from FEAG to the local zone at an angle of 60 ± 10° from the horizontal plane of this tier.

- The most economical way to extinguish a fire is ensured while simultaneously launching all FEAGs. If it is impossible to start all FEAGs at the same time, the generators should be launched in groups along the tiers, starting from the bottom or with overlapping start times of the FEAG of subsequent tiers.

Keywords: high-rise rooms and structures, aerosol-forming fire extinguishing compositions, fire extinguishing aerosols (FEA), fire extinguishing aerosol generators (FEAG), calculation of aerosol supply process, aerosol fire extinguishing methods

References

1. Agafonov V.V., Kopylov N.P. Ustanovki aerozol'nogo pozharotusheniya. Elementy, kharakteristiki, proektirovanie, montazh i ekspluatatsiya [Aerosol fire-extinguishing systems. Elements, characteristics, design, installation and operation]. Moscow, VNIIPO, 1999, 236 p. (In Russian).
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7. Agafonov V.V., Grishakina V.A., Bukhtoyarov D.V., Kazakov A.V., Kopylov S.N. Some laws of aerosol fire-extinguishing in vertical volumes of various heights. Materialy ХХVII Mezhdunar. nauch.-prakt. konf., posvyashchennoi 25-letiyu MChS Rossii “Aktual'nye problemy pozharnoi bezopasnosti [Proc. of the XXVII Int. Sci. and Pract. Conf. “Actual problems of fire safety”, dedicated to the 25th Anniversary of EMERCOM of Russia, Part 3]. Moscow, VNIIPO, 2015, pp. 155-166. (In Russian).
8. Agafonov V.V., Bukhtoyarov D.V., Kazakov A.V., Kopylov S.N. Features and methods of aerosol fire-extinguishing in the volumes of mines and canals. Tez. dokl. XXX Mezhdunar. nauch.-prakt. konf “Aktual'nye problemy pozharnoi bezopasnosti” [Abstracts of Papers of the XXX Int. Sci. and Pract. Conf. “Actual problems of fire safety”]. Moscow, VNIIPO, 2018, pp. 215-222. (In Russian).

Received  August 9, 2019

Authors:

Vladimir V. Agafonov – Doctor of Technical Sciences, Main Researcher. Phone: (495) 521-92-38. E-mail: vniipo22@mail.ru;

Dmitry V. Bukhtoyarov – Candidate of Technical Sciences, Deputy Head of Department;

Victoria A. Grishakina – Chief of Sector;

Alexey V. Kazakov – Candidate of  Technical Sciences, Head of Department;

Sergey N. Kopylov – Doctor of  Technical Sciences, Head of Research Center of Automatic Detection and Extinguishing Systems.

All-Russian Research Institute for Fire Protection (VNIIPO), Ministry of the Russian Federation for Civil Defense, Emergencies and Elimination of Consequences of Natural Disasters (EMERCOM of  Russia), Balashikha, Moscow region, Russia.

Anatoly D. Golubev – Candidate of Technical Sciences, Head of PU-2 (FGUP «SKTB «Technolog»), St. Petersburg, Russia.